Interactive Speed Explorer
Solar wind speed is a key indicator of the energy powering the aurora. Faster speeds mean more energy and a higher chance of a vibrant display. Select a speed level to learn about its potential impact.
Potential Aurora Impact:
Solar Wind Energy Gauge
What is Solar Wind?
The Sun is constantly releasing a stream of charged particles from its upper atmosphere, the corona. This stream flows outwards through the solar system, carrying energy and magnetic fields with it. This is the solar wind.
Normally, it flows past Earth at a calm pace. But when a solar event like a coronal hole or a solar flare occurs, it can unleash a high-speed stream. It's these fast streams that carry the extra energy needed to crash into our magnetic field and create beautiful auroras.
How to Interpret Speed Data
Speed is Energy
Think of speed as the primary measure of the energy being delivered to Earth's magnetic field. Higher is almost always better for aurora chances.
Look for Jumps
A sudden increase in solar wind speed often signals the arrival of a high-speed stream. This is a key moment for aurora watchers to pay attention.
Why Solar Wind Speed Matters
Energy Transfer
Faster solar wind particles carry more kinetic energy. When they interact with Earth's magnetosphere, this energy is converted into the spectacular light shows we see as auroras.
Combined Factors
While speed is crucial, it works together with other factors like the Bz component of the interplanetary magnetic field. When Bz points south and wind speed is high, conditions are ideal for auroras.
Real-Time Monitoring
Solar wind speed is measured by spacecraft like ACE and DSCOVR positioned between Earth and the Sun, giving us about 30-60 minutes of warning before conditions reach Earth.
Practical Use
Check solar wind speed alongside Kp index and Bz orientation for the best aurora predictions. A speed above 500 km/s with favorable Bz often means great viewing opportunities.
While speed is crucial, remember it's just one piece of the space weather puzzle.
Always check other factors like the Bz direction and Kp index!